According to Odaily Odaily, Vitalik Buterin stated that ZK-EVM has entered the alpha stage and possesses production-grade performance, with the remaining work primarily focused on security. Meanwhile, PeerDAS has officially launched on the Ethereum mainnet. Vitalik pointed out that this is not an incremental optimization, but rather a transformation of Ethereum into a new type of P2P network that simultaneously possesses decentralization, consensus mechanisms, and high bandwidth.
He recalled that BitTorrent has high bandwidth but lacks consensus, while Bitcoin has consensus but its bandwidth is limited due to full replication; Ethereum, after introducing PeerDAS (Data Availability Sampling) and ZK-EVM, is expected to simultaneously achieve decentralization, consensus, and high throughput. This trilemma has been resolved through "real code running on the mainnet." Among them, PeerDAS is already running on the mainnet, and ZK-EVM has reached production-grade performance.
Vitalik predicts that starting in 2026, with the advancement of mechanisms such as BAL and ePBS, the gas limit will gradually increase, and practical opportunities to run ZK-EVM nodes will emerge. From 2026 to 2028, gas repricing, state structure adjustments, and the entry of execution load into blobs will take place. By 2027 to 2030, ZK-EVM is expected to become the main method for network block verification, further driving up the gas limit.
In addition, he mentioned the importance of distributed block building, with the long-term goal of avoiding the complete building of blocks in any single location and decentralizing block building power through in-protocol or out-of-protocol means to reduce the risk of centralized intervention and improve regional fairness.
