Modern MPC wallets rely on two realities:
→ Mandatory co-signers for compliance and risk controls
→ Hardware-enforced key isolation that prevents key export
DKG also runs alongside signing, policy checks, recovery, enrollment, and monitoring, often all at the same time. In that environment, composability becomes essential.
Individually these are well understood.
Together they break the classical assumptions behind composable Distributed Key Generation.
Our latest Circle Research introduces Star DKG, a protocol designed for hardware-bound shares and mandatory co-signer architectures while preserving composability for real-world wallet systems.
Read the research:
