In-depth analysis: Pharos Network technical architecture

Pharos Network is a high-performance, modular Layer 1 , with core advantages in scalability, interoperability, and security. Pharos is committed to providing efficient execution, consensus, and customized support for the next-generation blockchain, with a processing capacity of 50,000 transactions per second (50K TPS), a throughput of 2 Gigagas, and a DP Level 5 performance (the highest standard among current EVM-compatible chains).

This article will delve into the architectural design of Pharos Network from the following dimensions: consensus mechanism, execution model, storage innovation, network layer optimization, pipeline efficiency, and modular SPN framework.

Pharos Network Architecture Architecture Analysis

Pharos Network adopts a modular, customizable layered architecture design, decoupling the execution layer, consensus layer, settlement layer, and data availability layer to achieve both high performance and flexible upgrades. We will now analyze the core technical design layer by layer.

• Network Layer

  Utilizing an optimized P2P Gossip protocol to achieve low-latency message transmission

  Built-in cross-SPN (Special Processing Network) communication channel

• <
  Dual virtual machine support: EVM-compatible layer + WASM high-performance execution environment

  Equipped with and supporting LLVM-based execution engine, parallel transaction processing, optimistic execution, and SALI (Smart Access List Inference)

Sub-second transaction final confirmationations in multiple execution environments

• Using ADS downward compression technology and Delta encoding, dynamic I/O optimization to reduce disk read and write overhead

><>PN Special Processing Network) Network) Framework

-mode: Enjoying mainnet security and data while maintaining independent ent scalability

Next, we will explore the key technical implementations and layer.

Layernetwork foundation of system communications, using an optimized P2P Gossip protocol to efficiently propagate blocks, transactions, and consensus messages. protocol has adaptive bandwidth allocation capabilities that can dynamically adjust resources based on real-time network load, ensuringuring high--and data transmission even under high-pressure environments. Additionally, this layer supports cross cross-channels for low-latency interoperability between different execution environments.

Pharos Consensus Mechanism

Pharos Network adopts an innovative consensus design that combines BFT fault tolerance mechanism with asynchronous execution and fast path commit protocol, enhancing system throughput, transaction fairness, and final confirmation confirmation speed. traditional traditional BFT implementations, Phardoesrequdoesires a fixed leader role and round-based communication, but allows multiple validator nodes to initiate, validate, and commit transactions in parallel, effectively avoiding performance bottlenecks caused by a single leader.

This consensus mechanism implements dynamic transaction ordering functionality, ensuring transaction fairness, reducing bias in block creation, and maintaining global transaction order consistency even under significant network fluctuations. Notably, the fast path execution mechanism allows transactions meeting specific conditions to bypass the complete consensus process and directly enter the confirmation phase, thereby reducing average transaction confirmation time and improving overall system throughput. This carefully designed consensus mechanism enables Pharos Network to support high-throughput, low-latency stable operations globally.

Key Features:

><>

p>layerOs execution layer's core lies in its innovative execution engine, which provides developers with great flexibility through a dual virtual machine environment (EVM + WASM). The execution COMBINES LLVM-based intermediate representation (IR) conversion and speculative parallel processing technology, optimize including opcode code fusion, register enhancement, and speculative execution. These optimization techniques enable smart contracts to be executed in in parallel while ensuring execution result determinism.

To further enhance execution efficiency efficiency, Pharos introduces Smart Access List Inference (SALI) technology. SALI can predict contract state entries through static or dynamic analysis, allowing the execution execution engine to group and non-intersecting state access patterns for parallel execution, thereby avoiding state access conflicts. Additionally, this technology can pre-used pre-loads contract states to acceleraccelerate execution speed.

Pharos also provides Ph-WASM, a WASM runtime environment specifically designed for blockchain. Ph-WASM supports deterministic high-speed execution and natively supports programming languages like Rust and Go, enabling developers to directly build high-performance, portable dApps and AI models on-chain.

Key Features:

<><>

Smart Access List Inference (SALI) technology

Ph-WASM environment supporting multi-language smart contracts

Pharos pipeline adopts a multi-stage parallel execution parallel execution architecture, effectively solving performance bottlenecks caused by synchronous state execution and sequential block verification in traditional blockchain systems. By parallelizing execution,, Merkleization, and state updates it improves CPU, disk I I/O, and network resource utilization.

Main Processing Stages:

• Concurrent processing of execution, Merkleization, and state updates

• Dynamically allocating CPU, I,/network real-time requirements

• Implementing ordering, transaction, and blockalization at different different layers

>>Pharos pipeline's each processing stage stage supports dynamically allocating resources based on real-time throughput requirements. The system innovatively designs designs a confirmation that allows ddclients to obtain early transaction ordering and execution results before complete block confirmation, which which is particularly crucial for high-frequency transactions and applications with high real-time requirements.

Through its intelligent adaptive scheduling algorithm and efficient resource coordination mechanism,, Pharos pipeline can achieve over 200,000 TPS throughput under a 64-core execution framework, reducing latency by 30%-50% compared to standard blockchain pipeline models.

Pharos S

Pharos SPN (Special Processing Network) is an execution environment tailtailored for specific applications, deeply integrated into the Pharos mainnet architecture maintaining independent business logic and configuration systems. execution Each SPN possesses a complete independent execution engine, validator node node cluster, re-staking incentive mechanism, and governance rule framework.

SPN Architecture:

<><>

Maintaining lifecycle lifecycle management, node registry, and governance rule enforcement

Facilitating cross-SPN communication and message verification

• Re-stakingingaking and Shared P Validator Security:
  >allowing validators to re assets across multiple SPNs

Nsuitableabl computational-intensive tasks such as zero-machine learning proofs (zkML proofs), secure multi-party computation (SMPC), AI model training, D. mandatory inclusion and emergency mechanisms, censorship resistance while ensuring user asset autonomy.

In terms of interoperability, SPNs interact through cross-SPN interoperability protocols, enabling atomic execution and data sharing across SPNs and the mainnet. Validators can re-stake $stPHRS into anyN and receive corresponding $;$RS tokens, which uscan governance, delegation, and liquidity mining.

Cross SPN Interoperability

• Cross SPN Messaging Protocol:

Achieving Seamless Collaborative Execution Across Multiple Blockchain Layers

• Anti-Censorship and Emergency Mechanisms:

  Protecting Users from Forced Transaction Censorship

Interoperability and Cross-Chain Communication

Pharos Network was originally designed to natively support cross-chain applications, providing two communication protocols - intra-network (interaction between SPNs) and cross-chain communication (interconnection with external blockchains). The cross SPN messaging framework ensures trustless message relay between SPNs, using proofs and consensus signatures to verify authenticity.

Key Features:

• Cross-Chain Messaging

• Cross SPN Data Synchronization

• Multi-VM Smart Contract Interaction

These functions provide critical support for cross-chain DeFi, real-world asset (RWA) settlement, oracle networks, and collaborative AI model scenarios across execution environments.

Overall, Pharos Network redefines Layer 1 blockchain infrastructure standards by integrating modular design, high-performance processing, parallel computing, and composability at every architectural layer. The unique combination of adaptive consensus mechanisms, parallel execution engines, multi-VM architecture, high-speed storage systems, and modular SPN framework enables developers to build highly scalable, censorship-resistant, and secure applications.

Pharos Network is committed to seamlessly connecting traditional finance (TradFi) with decentralized finance (DeFi), providing institutional-grade blockchain infrastructure support for AI-driven decentralized applications, private financial transactions, and scalable DeFi ecosystems.