Chainfeeds Summary:
Native Rollups turn L2 into a "direct branch" of the main chain, with security, upgrades, and simplicity all guaranteed by the main chain, eliminating the need for independent operation.
Article source:
https://x.com/lanhubiji/status/2031969106153652561
Article Author:
Blue Fox Notes
Opinion:
Blue Fox Notes: Ethereum ecosystem developers recently proposed and implemented a new scaling concept, Native Rollups, a proof-of-concept (PoC). This solution was led by the Ethrex client execution team, in collaboration with Ethereum Foundation researchers and L2BEAT contributors. To understand this solution, you can think of Ethereum's L1 as a highly secure central bank, while various L2 networks are like "branches" established outside the central bank. These branches aim to provide faster and cheaper services, but must simultaneously prove to the main chain that their ledger is correct and free from fraud. Currently, L2 typically uses two proof methods: one is fraud proof, also known as the optimistic Rollup model, which requires a long challenge period; the other is zero-knowledge proof, which requires building complex ZK circuits, resulting in very high development and upgrade costs. This leads to many L2 systems still relying on their own teams, upgrade committees, or security committees for security, limiting true decentralization, and requiring individual teams to fix vulnerabilities. In this context, Native Rollups offer a different approach: allowing the main chain to directly participate in verifying the execution results of L2. Specifically, this solution proposes using the EXECUTE mechanism in a new pre-compiled instruction EIP-8079 to allow L2 to submit transaction data to the main chain, where the main chain re-executes these transactions and verifies their correctness. In other words, the main chain recalculates the ledger, like auditing a ledger, to confirm whether the state after these transactions are correct. If the calculation results are consistent, it means that L2 has not cheated. The biggest change in this approach lies in the security model: L2 no longer relies on its own maintained proof system, but directly inherits the execution engine and security of the Ethereum main chain. As a result, many of the security committees, multi-signature bridges, or semi-centralized governance mechanisms currently present in L2 can be weakened or even eliminated. At the same time, L2 upgrades will automatically follow main chain upgrades. For example, when the main chain introduces new EVM opcodes in a future hard fork, Native Rollups will automatically be compatible with these changes without additional adaptation. For the Ethereum ecosystem, the significance of Native Rollups lies not only in technical simplification but also in addressing the issue of value capture. While many current L2 networks are built on Ethereum, their dependence on the main chain varies, with some even using external data availability layers. Native Rollups, however, make L2 networks more reliant on Ethereum's data availability and verification capabilities, thereby strengthening the collaboration between L1 and L2, driving more fees back to the main chain, and increasing the value of ETH. Developers have completed a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) and implemented the EXECUTE function in the Ethrex client, enabling the complete execution of deposit, contract deployment, cross-chain calls, and withdrawal processes. In the future, if this model is combined with Based Rollups, with main chain validators handling the sorting work, it could form a more thorough scaling architecture. However, current limitations exist; for example, relying entirely on the main chain to re-execute transactions is subject to the main chain's gas limit. But with the introduction of zero-knowledge proofs in the future, validators will only need to check the proofs without re-executing transactions, theoretically significantly increasing throughput and making this model a more sustainable long-term scaling approach.
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