From: Ethereum.org , by: Ethereum Protocol Support Team
Translator for Odaily Planet Daily | Moni
After the successful transition of the Goerli testnet, the ETH withdrawal function is finally coming!
The Ethereum Shapella network upgrade will be activated at epoch 194948, and the estimated time will be at 22:27:35 UTC on April 12, 2023. It is worth mentioning that from now until April 5, Ethereum for the Shapella vulnerability Bug bounty rewards are doubled.
This upgrade will follow The Merge and enable validators to withdraw their pledged ETH from the beacon chain to the execution layer. In addition, the upgrade also introduces some new functions for the Ethereum execution layer and consensus layer, as follows:
upgrade specification
1. "Shanghai" upgrade
This time, the implementation layer changes that include the "Shanghai" upgrade mainly include:
EIP-3651: Warm COINBASE
EIP-3855: PUSH 0 instruction
EIP-3860: Throttling and metering initialization code
EIP-4895: Beacon chain push withdrawal operations
EIP-6049: Deprecate SELFDESTRUCT
It should be noted that EIP-6049 is just a deprecation warning, the client team expects SELFDESTRUCT semantics to change in future network upgrades, but the behavior of the opcode remains unchanged in the Shanghai upgrade.
2. Capella upgrade
The changes to the consensus layer in the Capella upgrade are specified in the Ethereum v1.3.0-rc.5 specification. At a high level, this upgrade will introduce:
Full and partial withdrawals by validators
BLSToExecutionChange message that allows validators to update it to ETH 1 with BLS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX _ADDRESS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX which is a prerequisite for withdrawals
Independent state and block history accumulator, replacing the original single historical Roots
client release
The following client versions support Shanghai & Capella upgrades on the Ethereum mainnet. The previous Shapella version only supports testnet deployment and is not compatible with Mainnet upgrades. When choosing which clients to run, validators should pay particular attention to the risks of running majority clients on the Execution Layer (EL) and Consensus Layer (CL). An explanation of these risks and their consequences can be found here , an assessment of the current distribution of execution and consensus layer clients, and guidance for switching from one client to another can be found here .
1. Consensus layer Mainnet release
Note: Both consensus layer beacon nodes and validator clients must be updated when running validators.
2. Release of the executive layer Mainnet
NOTE: A problem was found in Erigon v2.41.0, this version does not work with Shapella upgrades, Erigon users should upgrade to v2.42.0.
FAQ
1. As an Ethereum user or ETH holder, do I need to do anything?
In short, no.
If you use an exchange , digital wallet , or hardware wallet, you don't need to take any action unless your exchange or wallet provider tells you to take additional steps.
If you run your own Ethereum node, see the next question.
2. As a non-staking node operator, what do I need to do?
For compatibility with Mainnet upgrades, please update your nodes to the Ethereum client versions listed in the table above.
3. As a staker, what do I need to do?
For compatibility with Mainnet upgrades, please update your nodes to the Ethereum client versions listed in the table above. Make sure your beacon nodes and validator clients are both updated!
It is also recommended that you read the Withdrawal FAQ .
4. What happens if I am a staker or node operator but do not participate in this upgrade?
If you are using an Ethereum client that has not been updated to the latest version (listed above), your client will sync to the pre- forked blockchain once the upgrade occurs.
With the old rules, you would be stuck on an incompatible chain and would not be able to send Ether or operate on a post-Shapella Ethereum network.
5. What should I do as an application or tool developer?
Shapella will not introduce breaking changes to smart contracts , application and tool developers should review the upgrade changes to ensure that any relevant upgrades and fixes have been completed, or understand how to use newly introduced functions.
That said, application developers should be aware that as of shanghai the SELFDESTRUCT opcode is considered deprecated, and while its semantics will not change as part of this network upgrade, it may change in subsequent network upgrades . See EIP-6049 for details.
6. Why the name "Shapella"?
The upgrade of the execution layer follows the Devcon city name, and the upgrade of the consensus layer follows the stellar name. "Shapella" is a combination of Shanghai, where Devcon 2 is held, and Capella, the brightest star in the northern constellation Auriga.
7. Where can I watch the live broadcast of Shapella upgrade?
EthStaker and Ethereum Cat Herders are hosting a Shapella upgrade party, starting shortly before the upgrade goes live. You can watch it here .
