Ai2 is releasing OLMo 2, a family of open-source language models that advances the democratisation of AI and narrows the gap between open and proprietary solutions.
The new models, available in 7B and 13B parameter versions, are trained on up to 5 trillion tokens and demonstrate performance levels that match or exceed comparable fully open models whilst remaining competitive with open-weight models such as Llama 3.1 on English academic benchmarks.
“Since the release of the first OLMo in February 2024, we’ve seen rapid growth in the open language model ecosystem, and a narrowing of the performance gap between open and proprietary models,” explained Ai2.
The development team achieved these improvements through several innovations, including enhanced training stability measures, staged training approaches, and state-of-the-art post-training methodologies derived from their Tülu 3 framework. Notable technical improvements include the switch from nonparametric layer norm to RMSNorm and the implementation of rotary positional embedding.
OLMo 2 model training breakthrough
The training process employed a sophisticated two-stage approach. The initial stage utilised the OLMo-Mix-1124 dataset of approximately 3.9 trillion tokens, sourced from DCLM, Dolma, Starcoder, and Proof Pile II. The second stage incorporated a carefully curated mixture of high-quality web data and domain-specific content through the Dolmino-Mix-1124 dataset.
Particularly noteworthy is the OLMo 2-Instruct-13B variant, which is the most capable model in the series. The model demonstrates superior performance compared to Qwen 2.5 14B instruct, Tülu 3 8B, and Llama 3.1 8B instruct models across various benchmarks.
Commiting to open science
Reinforcing its commitment to open science, Ai2 has released comprehensive documentation including weights, data, code, recipes, intermediate checkpoints, and instruction-tuned models. This transparency allows for full inspection and reproduction of results by the wider AI community.
The release also introduces an evaluation framework called OLMES (Open Language Modeling Evaluation System), comprising 20 benchmarks designed to assess core capabilities such as knowledge recall, commonsense reasoning, and mathematical reasoning.
OLMo 2 raises the bar in open-source AI development, potentially accelerating the pace of innovation in the field whilst maintaining transparency and accessibility.
(Photo by Rick Barrett)
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