Let's see what major events have happened to Bitcoin in the past year.
Author: Echo, MetaEra
Source: MetaEra
It's time for the year-end summary again. The market in 2024 was complex and changeful. The approval of the Bitcoin spot ETF, the halving event as scheduled, the skyrocketing price, the new high in computing power, the flourishing ecosystem, the changing political landscape, and the continuous positive news... Many factors have driven the global investment fever in BTC, with the price hitting new highs and breaking the $100,000 mark. The Google Trends index has more than doubled compared to last year, ushering in a glorious moment! For the entire crypto industry, 2024 is a year of milestone significance. Each major event has engraved the trajectory of Bitcoin and the entire cryptocurrency market's future progress.
This report, with time as the timeline and events as the nodes, MetaEra will review one by one the key moments that have shaped the fate of Bitcoin. Let's walk into the 2024 Bitcoin chronicle and experience the glory and hardship of this year.
Crypto Floodgates Opened: Bitcoin Spot ETF Approved
On January 10th, the US financial stage witnessed a milestone reform - the BTC ETF was approved. This allowed US-listed companies, pension funds, and various institutional investors to openly enter this mysterious field through this financial instrument, ushering in a new era of publicly purchasing and holding Bitcoin.
In April, the Hong Kong subsidiaries of Huaxia, Bosera, and Jiashi Funds' first batch of Hong Kong Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETF products were officially approved by the Hong Kong Securities and Regulatory Commission, and on April 30th, these much-anticipated products were listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
The market cheered the launch of the ETF, with the depth of crypto market products increasing and a flood of institutions entering the field, shifting from questioning the value storage to chasing it. Traditional capital flowed into the crypto world, making crypto investment more closely aligned with the Web 2.0 market.
In the short term after the news was released, the overall Bitcoin market performance was relatively stable, without significant volatility. Many questioned the sluggish ETF performance, with institutional conspiracy theories emerging, and the "just for show, not doing real things" rhetoric echoing. All these uncertainties, like a magnet, have attracted the attention of countless investors and industry observers, becoming the most suspenseful chapter in Bitcoin's future development path. Amid the turbulent undercurrents, Bitcoin has steadfastly adhered to the "time machine theory", waiting for new momentum to prove its value over time.
Image source: SoSoValue
Bitcoin Halving: A Critical Turning Point
On April 20th, Bitcoin experienced a halving at block height 840,000, with the block reward decreasing from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC.
Typically, the price of BTC rises after a halving, as the previous three halvings have without exception resulted in new all-time highs. Many investors also have the same expectation for the April 2024 halving, believing it to be a new driving force for the coin price after the ETF move.
However, looking at the price in the months after the halving, Bitcoin did not immediately reach a new all-time high, but experienced a short-term correction before taking off, significantly rising after a series of events such as the halving, conferences, political elections, regulatory changes, and industry strategic reserves. From the halving mechanism and past halving history, the halving has a significant impact, often leading to market volatility and increased speculative activity in the crypto field; reshaping the mining landscape with a decline in miner profitability; and stimulating technological innovation and community development within the blockchain ecosystem. The halving event may also help hedge against inflation and enhance Bitcoin's attractiveness as a long-term investment asset.
The above information indicates that while the halving helps strengthen Bitcoin's scarcity narrative, macroeconomic factors can also have a significant impact on the Bitcoin price. This mysterious force, Bitcoin, cannot be accurately predicted based on history, as it is constantly refreshing people's perceptions in each stage. As Binance CEO Richard Teng said, we need to take a longer-term view and look at the market's performance from the perspective of market cycles. We should not be anxious about when the bull and bear markets will come, but focus on the long-term trends and fundamentals of the cryptocurrency market. Bitcoin always surprises us with its mythical gains in the midst of doubts, calm, and anxiety. We just need to wait, and Bitcoin will remain great.
BTC Ecosystem Infrastructure Providers: Miners, Strong Confidence vs. Survival Crisis?
From the miner's perspective, the Bitcoin mining landscape underwent dramatic changes in 2024. In addition to the economic roller coaster ride due to the halving, the development of new emerging elements such as Runes silently changed the main source of miner revenue during the first half of the year, like an ecological awakening. In the past, mining relied solely on block rewards, but as these new things have sprung up like bamboo shoots after the rain, the focus of revenue has gradually shifted to infrastructure service Gas fees. Taking the fourth Bitcoin halving period as an example, transaction fees surged, with Rune tokens paying high fees on the halving blocks, becoming an important component of miner revenue. According to statistics, since January 1, 2024, within the overall miner fee revenue, standard financial transactions accounted for 67%, Runes for 19%, and BRC-20 and Ordinals transactions combined for 14%, with Gas fee revenue steadily increasing.
Against this backdrop, the role of miners is undergoing a profound transformation. They are no longer simply block producers, but more like infrastructure service providers for the Bitcoin ecosystem. Leveraging the network resources and infrastructure advantages accumulated through mining, miners can provide services for various transactions and earn Gas fees. This transformation has deeply integrated miners into all aspects of the Bitcoin ecosystem, and as they drive the development of the ecosystem, their own fate is closely tied to the entire ecosystem, seeking a more sustainable development path in the new economic model.
Bitcoin Conference: The Origin of Market Rhythm
By mid-year, on July 27th, the Bitcoin 2024 Conference was held in Nashville, on this global spotlight stage, well-known politicians such as Trump and Robert F. Kennedy Jr. took the stage, and their statements and initiatives regarding Bitcoin were like a series of bombshells, stirring up waves in the conference venue and the entire cryptocurrency industry.
Trump delivered a speech of nearly an hour, although an hour later than scheduled, but the thousands of attendees on site were still enthusiastic. In the speech, Trump fully recognized Bitcoin's position as a scarce asset and a hedge asset, endorsed that Bitcoin will surpass gold to become the world's largest asset class in the future, and stated that the US must maintain its status as a cryptocurrency superpower. He also emphasized that if elected, he will fire the SEC chairman Gary Gensler, who has been obstructing the development of cryptocurrencies on the compliance front, on his first day in office, and made 13 major commitments about cryptocurrencies:
● On the first day, I will fire Gary Gensler and appoint a new SEC chairman.
● If elected, establish a strategic national Bitcoin reserve for the US government.
● The US government will retain 100% of its Bitcoin.
● Bitcoin will fly to the Moon.
● Do not sell your Bitcoin.
● Bitcoin may one day exceed the market value of gold.
● I reaffirm my commitment to reducing Ross Ulbricht's sentence.
● There will never be a CBDC during my presidency if elected.
● Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies will soar in ways never seen before.
● Bitcoin does not threaten the dollar, the current U.S. government does.
● The U.S. will become the global capital of cryptocurrencies and the world's Bitcoin superpower.
● Bitcoin represents freedom, sovereignty, and independence from government coercion and control.
● I assure the Bitcoin community that on the day I take office, Joe Biden and Kamala Harris' anti-cryptocurrency campaign will end.
Whether it was in his nature or to get a laugh, he clearly improvised at the end: "Have fun, whether it's Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, or anything else." Riding the momentum of the conference, he gave a strong push to his political blueprint.
It was like a star-studded political and financial feast. The market performance of Bitcoin during and after the conference was sometimes like a light leap to a new high, and sometimes a brief correction, gathering strength. The conference was like a huge vortex of encrypted information, where various information about Bitcoin's technical innovation, policy interpretation, and market trends converged and then spread like ripples throughout the cryptocurrency field. The industry's views on politicians' statements and actions are also diverse, awaiting the test of time.
Bullish Outlook: Positive Impact of the U.S. Election
On November 6, 14:27, the dust of the U.S. presidential election settled, and Trump emerged as the final winner, with the 78-year-old returning to the White House with the support of the crypto power.
Trump's victory and his subsequent series of measures favorable to the crypto industry have had a remarkably positive impact on the Bitcoin price. After the election results were confirmed, the Bitcoin market was the first to respond, with investors flocking to the market based on strong expectations of future policy benefits.
After taking office, he announced that he would take a series of measures favorable to the crypto industry, including plans to repeal the SAB 121 Act in January 2020, clearing the way for traditional financial institutions to enter the crypto asset institutionalization, allowing a large amount of potential capital to have a legal and compliant channel to flow into the Bitcoin market, which will expand the market capacity and depth of Bitcoin; following the promise made at the Bitcoin conference, he plans to dismiss the current SEC chairman on his first day in office and appoint the crypto-friendly Paul Atkins as the next SEC chairman, sending a strong signal of regulatory relaxation to the market, boosting investor confidence; he will promote the establishment of a strategic Bitcoin reserve, influencing the market from the supply-demand relationship, retaining Bitcoin ownership and expanding scale, reducing the selling pressure in the market, while increasing its attractiveness as a strategic asset; he plans to stop government Bitcoin sales and use Bitcoin as an investment and holding asset; his company is also negotiating with Intercontinental Exchange to acquire the cryptocurrency exchange Bakkt, which will also inject new vitality and imagination into the Bitcoin trading ecosystem, attracting more investors to participate, indirectly helping the price to rise.
Bitcoin is riding this wave of U.S. policy tailwind, striding rapidly on the upward trajectory of its price, and its future development space and potential, under the interweaving of these positive factors, appear increasingly boundless. Welcome to the new era of cryptocurrencies under the boost of Trump!
New Political Landscape: Core Political Figures Speak Out, Government Reserves Enter the Fray
Driven by the historic market rally, some countries are considering establishing national Bitcoin reserves, and we are pleased to witness a significant trend: more and more political figures are beginning to recognize its value.
U.S. President-elect Trump said he would turn the U.S. into the world's cryptocurrency capital, proposing not to sell the U.S. government's Bitcoin holdings, but to hold it as a strategic reserve asset.
Russian President Putin signed a digital currency taxation law, stipulating that digital currencies are property, applicable to foreign trade payments, mining and sales are exempt from VAT, mining infrastructure operators must report to the tax authorities, and personal income tax is levied on physical income; Putin also emphasized at the forum that no one can ban Bitcoin and other electronic payment methods, as they are new technologies that will continue to evolve.
Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba: Reorganize the Web3 and Cryptocurrency Policy Department, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party will dissolve the existing Web3 project group and establish a dedicated department within the Digital Society Promotion Department, led by the former Web3 project group secretary-general, but the new department's responsibilities are not yet clear.
The South Korean National Council passed the "Virtual Asset User Protection Act" enforcement decree, effective July 19, which stipulates that virtual asset service providers must guarantee user deposits through banks, and have the right to suspend user cash and virtual asset deposits and withdrawals based on reasonable grounds.
Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele proposed to rent the country's volcanoes to miners for sustainable Bitcoin mining, using geothermal energy to reduce mining costs, after the country had already successfully mined about $46 million worth of Bitcoin using geothermal energy.
Argentine President Javier Milei advocates separating cryptocurrencies from state control, criticizing central bank digital currencies, advocating private management of cryptocurrencies, and warning of excessive government expansion.
The Monetary Authority of Singapore announced support for asset tokenization commercialization plans, convening financial institutions from multiple countries to conduct industry experiments, encouraging the development of industry standards to promote the commercialization and promotion of tokenized capital market products.
Suriname presidential candidate Maya Parbhoe promised that if elected in 2025, she will make Bitcoin the legal tender, gradually replacing the Surinamese dollar, plans to dismantle the central bank, reduce taxes, privatize public services, and use Bitcoin's transparency to fight corruption, calling Bitcoin the key to rebuilding the country's financial infrastructure.
Polish presidential candidate Sławomir Mentzen promised to establish a Bitcoin strategic reserve if elected.
The efforts and statements of these political figures foreshadow that Bitcoin will occupy an increasingly important position in the future financial landscape, steadily entering the grand vision of the global economic system, like a shining new star, attracting the attention of the political world.
Changing Regulatory Winds: Institutions Flock In
As the regulatory environment becomes more open and transparent by 2024, the crypto industry is entering a new era. In this wave, the "coin-stock dual cultivation" model has gradually become the new darling of listed companies, with many companies incorporating Bitcoin into their asset strategic reserves. Among them, Tesla and MicroStrategy can be considered the leaders, with their steadfast holding strategies reaping the "diamond hand victory", with MSTR's stock price soaring from around $194 to nearly $500 in just about a month, an increase of around 150%; in the Hong Kong stock market, the "Gemini Stars" Boyaa and Meitu, the two Bitcoin whales, are tied for the top spot, holding as many as 2,641 and 940 BTC respectively; the first crypto exchange stock Coinbase has a total Bitcoin profit of $804 million, with a price-to-earnings ratio of around 7.88.
This success has attracted more and more listed companies to follow suit. On November 19, Nano Labs Ltd (Nasdaq: NA) announced that it plans to allocate a portion of its remaining cash flow to Bitcoin, and will hold it as a long-term strategic reserve asset; on the same day, the US-listed company Genius Group Limited (GNS) announced that it has spent $10 million to buy 110 BTC, at an average price of $90,932; LQR House Inc. (LQR), a niche e-commerce platform focused on spirits and beverages, a US-listed company, announced that its board of directors has approved the purchase of $1 million worth of Bitcoin as part of its capital management strategy; on November 20, the board of directors of Acurx Pharmaceuticals (ACXP), a US-listed biopharmaceutical company, approved the purchase of $1 million in Bitcoin as a reserve asset; on the same day, another US-listed company, Hoth Therapeutics (HOTH), announced that its board of directors has approved the purchase of up to $1 million in Bitcoin...
Image source: HODL15Capital
BTC Ecosystem: Hibernating in the Winter, Waiting for the Flowers to Bloom
The Bitcoin ecosystem is like an accelerated version of the crypto world, from the birth of the Ordinals protocol at the end of 2022, to the small bull market of NFTs in early 2023, and then the brief bear market in the middle of 2023, everyone is active in various spaces chatting and envisioning the future, followed by the explosion of the BRC20 and the second small bull market. Entering the autumn of 2023, the market has returned to silence, followed by the third high point at the beginning of 2024, and then it has been hibernating and brewing until now. In just two years, the entire cycle of bull and bear markets in the crypto world that took 30-40 years has been completed.
Over the past year, Bitcoin's market dominance has increased significantly, from 45.27% to 56.81%, its spot ETF holdings have grown substantially, and a new market centered on Bitcoin as the core asset, with ETFs and US stocks as capital inflow channels, and US-listed companies as carriers, has fully opened up, highlighting the necessary development of its ecosystem and the improvement of capital efficiency. In terms of Layer 2, 77 projects have been active in the past three years, and in the first half of 2024, driven by the ETF boom, some old projects will see an increase in trading volume and token prices, and multiple solutions will emerge, with a total locked value of $3 billion, which is expected to grow significantly in the future. In the Layer 1 execution layer, new execution standards have emerged, activity has steadily increased but the momentum has not been sustained. In other infrastructure, interoperability is mainly based on bridges and WBTC, and more solutions are expected to be launched; in the security layer, due to the potential threat of interoperability to asset security, related security solutions such as Bitcoin timestamping and staking protocols like Babylon have emerged, as well as new technologies like the data availability layer (DA layer) such as Nubit, which have released the potential value of Bitcoin.
The Bitcoin ecosystem is currently still in a relatively disharmonious position. However, the situation has improved significantly compared to last year. The Bitcoin ecosystem will definitely not miss the next big bull market, as there are still many narratives to be explored in the Bitcoin ecosystem. The previous hibernation and precipitation have already accumulated enough strength. A large number of innovative projects are on the way.
Witness History: Bitcoin Breaks $100,000, Where to Next?
Around 10:30 am on December 5th, the BTC price once surged above $100,000, with a 24-hour gain of nearly 5%, which also means that Bitcoin has finally broken through the $100,000 mark as expected. At the same time, Ethereum broke through $3,800 USDT, with a 24-hour gain of 5.35%; SOL broke through $230 USDT, with the 24-hour decline narrowing to 2%.
Image source: OKX
The media effect triggered by Bitcoin's price breaking through $100,000 has already brought Crypto and decentralization into the mainstream public's view. It makes the public unable to help but review its past, from its insignificant beginnings to its current proud standing, its price rise like an epic saga. If counted from the iconic Pizza Day, it has weathered sixteen years of history.
It has gradually moved from the periphery to the center. When Bitcoin first broke through $1, perhaps many people did not expect it to have such amazing potential; and when it crossed important milestones like $100 and $1,000, the whole world took notice. Now that it has broken through $100,000, it has pushed Bitcoin to a whole new height.
Finally, may Bitcoin continue to write miracles, and may we who believe in Bitcoin create miracles.
