Hyper-scaling Ethereum state by creating new forms of state: ethresear.ch/t/hyper-scaling-s...… Summary: * We want 1000x scale on Ethereum L1. We roughly know how to do this for execution and data. But scaling state is fundamentally harder. * The most practical path for Ethereum may actually be to scale existing state only a medium amount, and at the same time introduce newer forms of state that would be extremely cheap but also more restrictive in how you can use them. * In such a design, the present-day state tree would over time become dominated by user accounts, defi hub contracts, code, and other high-value objects, while all kinds of individual per-user state objects (eg. ERC20s balances, NFTs, CDPs) would be handled with cheaper but more restrictive tools. Making the developer abstractions to make this easy to implement for the use cases that make up >90% of state today seems very doable.