Vitalik Buterin outlines his short-term and long-term plans for Ethereum scaling.

According to Mars Finance, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin outlined Ethereum's short-term and long-term scaling plans on social media. In the short term, the upcoming Glamsterdam upgrade will introduce a block-level access list for parallel verification and ePBS functionality. It will also introduce a multi-dimensional gas mechanism, adding a "state creation gas" dimension, which will not be included in the approximately 16 million transaction gas cap, allowing for the creation of larger contracts. The EVM will maintain two invariants and handle multi-dimensional gas consumption through a "reserve pool" mechanism. In the long term, the focus will shift to a multi-dimensional pricing model. Long-term scaling includes ZK-EVM and Blobs. Regarding Blobs, PeerDAS will continue to iterate, aiming to achieve a data processing capacity of approximately 8 MB/s. In the future, Ethereum block data will directly enter Blobs. ZK-EVM will be implemented in phases: In 2026, clients allowing validators to participate using ZK-EVM will emerge, but this will not be sufficient for the network to function fully; in 2027, a larger proportion of the network will be recommended to run ZK-EVM, while focusing on formal verification and security improvements; when ready, it will transition to 3-of-5 mandatory proofs, where a block is valid only if it contains 3 out of 5 proofs from different proof systems. At that time, it is expected that all nodes (except index nodes) will rely on ZK-EVM proofs.