How can you easily grasp the current market trends, technological developments, ecosystem progress, and governance dynamics in the Web3 industry? Web3Caff Research's "Market Pulse Analysis" column delves into the front lines to identify and select current hot topics, providing valuable interpretations, commentary, and fundamental analysis. See through the phenomena to the essence, and follow us to quickly capture the forefront of the Web3 market.
Author: Shirley Li , Researcher at Web3Caff Research
Cover: Typography by Web3Caff Research
Word count: Nearly 3200 words in total
On February 11, the LayerZero Labs team behind the interoperability protocol LayerZero announced the launch of a new public blockchain project, Zero, which aims to achieve a breakthrough in network performance by changing the single-threaded, homogeneous architecture of current mainstream blockchains .
LayerZero argues that existing blockchain systems suffer from fundamental constraints stemming from their underlying architecture. For instance, in mainstream public chains like Ethereum , all applications share the same virtual machine execution environment. To ensure state consistency and the correctness of transaction execution, each verification node in the network needs to download data and rerun it for verification, resulting in significant waste of computing power and requiring nodes to be homogenized in terms of hardware capabilities.
Meanwhile, to maintain its decentralized nature, Ethereum has long maintained a relatively low hardware barrier to ensure that more nodes can participate in verification, but this has also objectively limited the upper limit of the network's overall throughput. Conversely, while high-performance public chains such as Solana have significantly improved TPS by upgrading node hardware configurations, they have also increased the cost of participating in verification to some extent, leading to a more concentrated distribution of nodes.
Therefore, Zero proposed a new approach: instead of having all validator nodes repeatedly execute transactions, a small number of high-performance nodes are responsible for executing and generating proofs, while the majority of other validator nodes are only responsible for verifying the proofs.

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