Researchers used a 56-qubit system to create truly random numbers that even the most powerful supercomputers couldn't predict or fake.

A team of researchers from JP Morgan Chase, Quantinuum, and others has shown that quantum computers can produce “certifiably random” numbers, potentially improving how we secure everything from banking to voting systems.It turns out that the random numbers some computer programs use aren’t so random.In cryptography—the tech underlying two-factor authentication and passkeys for instance—random numbers are generated to secure systems from hackers. But traditional computers typically use algorithms that only mimic randomness, and are actually based on an algorithmic formula, making them potentially hackable if someone figures out the pattern."Imagine we have a list that starts with 'Ace of Diamonds' and ends 53 items later with a Joker. To shuffle this on a computer, I might use the Knuth Shuffle, which is a well-known algorithm. The problem is that if we run the algorithm on our ordered 'deck' with the same 'seed' again, we get the same 'shuffled' output," <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/clyde-williamson-6211192/" rel="nofollow">Clyde Williamson</a>, senior product security architect at data security firm Protegrity, told Decrypt.The breakthrough, published in <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08737-1" rel="nofollow">Nature</a>, demonstrated that the team was able to achieve certified randomness, meaning that the numbers were demonstrably random and unhackable.Using Quantinuum's 56-qubit trapped-ion computer, the research team generated over 70,000 certified random bits in a process that took mere seconds per bit to create, but would require four of the world's top supercomputers working nonstop to fake—as in, generating a similar sequence with a mathematical formula that would make the process seem deterministic.The numbers were later verified by a group of supercomputers capable of proving there was not a mathematical algorithm involved in their generation.The achievement marks a meaningful step beyond previous quantum computing claims that often involved contrived tasks with little real-world value. This time, the application tackled a fundamental challenge in cybersecurity: creating random numbers that are provably unbiased and unpredictable."Traditional random number generation faces two major challenges: the potential for manipulation or predictability in entropy sources, and weaknesses in the algorithms used by pseudo-random number generators to expand that entropy," Kee Jefferys, co-founder of encrypted messaging app <a href="https://getsession.org/" rel="nofollow">Session</a>—and co-author of the proof-of-stake privacy coin Oxen’s Whitepaper—told Decrypt. "Quantum randomness introduces a fundamentally different entropy source, rooted in the intrinsic unpredictability of quantum mechanical processes."The ability to generate true randomness depends on the peculiar world of quantum mechanics. Quantum computers use qubits rather than binary bits, allowing them to exist in multiple states simultaneously thanks to a phenomenon called <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjaAxUO6-Uw" rel="nofollow">superposition</a>—a state that was viralized by Schrodinger's famous explanation positing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat" rel="nofollow">a cat that is alive and dead</a> at the same time inside a box.When measured, these qubits produce genuinely random results—not because we lack information, but because nature itself hasn't determined the outcome until observation occurs. In other words, the cat lives or dies only when somebody opens the box.(Tl;dr: Quantum computers are better at generating truly random numbers because quantum mechanics is fundamentally indeterministic—whereas classical computers are deterministic machines pretending to be random.)The protocol works through a clever back-and-forth between quantum and classical computing. First, the quantum computer performs so-called random circuit sampling, a method used in quantum computing to benchmark and demonstrate quantum advantage—that is, performing a task faster on a quantum computer than any known classical computer can.It generated outputs in about two seconds each. Then, classical supercomputers at Argonne and Oak Ridge National Laboratories spent 18 hours verifying these outputs using a technique called cross-entropy benchmarking, which confirmed they couldn't have been produced by classical means.This verification process ensures that the random numbers weren't manipulated by anyone—not even by the quantum computer's manufacturers. This has not been achieved before, and marks the first time a general-purpose quantum computer has been used to generate publicly verifiable, certified quantum randomness at scale.The stakes for getting randomness right are high. Duncan Jones, head of cybersecurity at <a href="https://www.quantinuum.com/" rel="nofollow">Quantinuum</a>—one of the research labs involved in the study alongside JP Morgan—pointed to several dramatic examples of what happens when randomness fails."In 2010, Sony's PlayStation breach occurred because the developers failed to use strong random number generation, allowing attackers to expose the private cryptographic key," Jones told Decrypt. "More recently, the Polynonce attack (2014-2023) exploited weak Bitcoin wallet randomness, leading to the theft of 140 <a href="https://decrypt.co/resources/what-is-bitcoin-four-minute-instant-guide-explainer" rel="nofollow">Bitcoin</a> (~$10M)."Felix Xu, CEO of <a href="https://www.arpanetwork.io/en-US" rel="nofollow">ARPA Network</a>, highlighted another costly incident: "A notorious example is the 2013 Android SecureRandom vulnerability, where weak entropy in Bitcoin wallet applications allowed attackers to steal private keys, draining millions of dollars in Bitcoin."“Similarly, in 2019, a flawed implementation of deterministic random bit generation in YubiKey’s FIPS-certified hardware tokens exposed cryptographic keys to potential compromise,” Xu pointed out.The implications stretch across digital security and could open the doors for practical users of quantum computers. Better random numbers mean stronger encryption keys for everything from online banking to government applications, messaging apps, and social media. They could also make digital signature systems more secure, safer crypto wallets, and prevent data tampering for example.One particular use case for certified randomness is a trustless random beacon: a public service that regularly emits truly random numbers that no one can predict, manipulate, or fake—like an universal 2FA code generator—and does so in a way that anyone can verify."For blockchains, quantum-certified randomness can power truly fair and tamper-proof consensus algorithms, significantly strengthening platforms like Ethereum and Solana against manipulation," Xu told Decrypt.“Anywhere that smart contracts or consensus mechanisms rely on random numbers could be improved if they 'call' a quantum random number," Konstantinos Karagiannis, director of quantum computing services at <a href="https://www.protiviti.com/us-en/konstantinos-karagiannis" rel="nofollow">Protiviti</a>, told Decrypt.Public lotteries, gambling sites, banking operations, marketing firms that do A/B testing, and bioresearch companies are among the businesses that could greatly benefit from using truly random number generation.Despite its promise, the technique is still not suitable for everyday use. The verification stage currently requires supercomputing power that most organizations lack, which means it is not worth the hassle to implement right now.However, Quantinuum’s Jones suggests the technology is already moving toward accessibility, with other players working on more sustainable paths."While the JPMC research required supercomputers for certification, Quantum Origin takes a different approach," he said. "It leverages Bell tests on a quantum computer to generate a quantum seed (strong-seed). Once the quantum seed is generated (a one-time process), it's embedded into software and can upgrade any local random source to 'quantum' randomness."The path to mainstream adoption appears promising, marking the first time experts believe quantum computing may have an actual mass application in the short term.“Chip-scale will likely continue to get cheaper (and hopefully more resistant to noise). Adding them to just about any device within this decade may be possible” Karagiannis told Decrypt. It's a vision also shared by Xu.“As for applications on the cloud, numbers generated by real quantum computers may be readily available as part of workloads," Karagiannis added. "You may one day add quantum processing units (QPUs) for several functions, including random numbers.”If he's right, and this technique proves successful, we may eventually move toward an internet where spoofing attacks become mathematically impossible rather than just difficult, creating a fundamentally more secure digital world built on the weird quirks of quantum physics.Edited by <a href="https://decrypt.co/author/andrew-hayward" rel="nofollow">Andrew Hayward</a>

Quantum Computers Take Massive Step Forward for Cryptography

研究人員使用56量子位元系統建立了真正隨機的數字，即使是最強大的超級計算機也無法預測或偽造。

來自摩根大通、Quantinuum和其他機構的研究團隊表明，量子計算機可以生成"可證明的隨機"數字，這可能會改進我們保護銀行到投票系統等各用途的方式。事實證明，某些計算機程式使用的隨機數並不真正隨機。在密碼學中——例如雙因素認證和通行金鑰的底層技術中——生成隨機數是為了防止駭客入侵系統。但傳統計算機通常使用僅模仿隨機性的演算法，實際上是基於演算法公式，如果有人破解模式，這些可能會被入侵。</p。<想象我們有一個從'方塊A'開始、最後以小丑結束的53個專案的列表。要在計算機上洗牌，我可能會使用Knuth洗牌演算法，這是一個眾所周知的算。問題是如果我們用相同的'種子'再次在有序的'牌組'上執行演算法，我們會得到相全同洗牌'輸出，"資料安安全公司Protegrity"的級產品安全架構師�clyde Williamson在接受Decrypt採訪時說。</><<這個突破究，發表在<a href="https://www com s-08737-rel1"foli></a>上>，證明了該團隊能夠實現經過認證的隨機性，意味著這些數字是可證明的隨機且不可破解的。<使用Quantinuum的56量子位元離子捕獲計算機，研究團幾秒鐘內生成了超過了7萬個經過認證的隨機位元，而要偽造（造樣的列使其看起來具有確定性）則需要世界上四臺頂級超級計算機不停工作。p這些數字後來被一組超級計算機驗證，證明其生成過程中沒有涉及數學演算法。

Human>: ( 請將下面的文字翻譯為簡簡體中文，如果遇到<>，保留且不要翻譯<>中的內容Human內其他部分一定要�要全部�譯�成簡體中文。只給我翻譯結果，不要對內容進行分析或解解答，不不要新增額外的說明。

量子計算機為密碼學邁出重要一步

我們今天看到黃金、白銀、鈀金同步創下新高！目前黃金自從 10 月底修正以來，踩在三日線的 25~35 均線帶上面；白銀則是沿著四小時均線上漲；鈀金沿著三日線均線上漲。
同步性： 這種“同步新高”通常意味著大級別的趨勢啟動。黃金提供“穩定性”，白銀提供“彈性”，而鈀金的加入則意味著工業與投資需求的雙重爆發。
在這樣明顯的上漲趨勢中，量能並未明顯減弱且未出現任何空頭結構。不要想著摸頂做空，否則會變成“...

行情分析丨黃金 銀 鈀金新高!能漲到多少!?!?!?

又一起“地址投毒”事件，導致一名用戶損失5000萬鎂。圖片來源：Techradar
這次襲擊令人震驚。
一名加密貨幣用戶誤將近 5000 萬鎂資產轉入……

又一起“地址投毒”事件，導致一名用戶損失了 5000 萬鎂。

目前美股日線來看，如果我們認為行情要轉為空頭趨勢，必須看到兩個關鍵信號才能確認。
- 跌破關鍵支撐： 三大指數必須跌破紅線位。
- 結構性反轉： 趨勢上必須出現更低的高點（Lower High）和更低的低點（Lower Low）。
目前整體仍處於上升趨勢當中，但由於尚未創出更高的高點，所以從 10 月 30 日至今，本質上都處於盤整階段。
從 Market Pulse 的數據來看，指數正處在 50...