In the rapidly changing world of blockchain, beyond the transactions we directly see, there exists a “hidden” force that can generate extra profit for specific participants. This is MEV (Maximal Extra...

<p>In the rapidly changing world of blockchain, beyond the transactions we directly see, there exists a “hidden” force that can generate extra profit for specific participants. This is <strong>MEV (Maximal Extractable Value)</strong>. It’s not a mysterious code, but a possibility arising from the blockchain design itself – profiting by skillfully arranging, inserting, or excluding the order of transactions.</p><p>Initially, on chains relying on miners to bundle transactions (like early Ethereum, Bitcoin), MEV was called “Miner Extractable Value.” However, on Proof-of-Stake (PoS) networks like Solana, the entity controlling transaction bundling is the <strong>validator</strong>. Therefore, more accurately, MEV on Solana is the value captured by validators or “searchers” working with them (bots running complex algorithms). You can think of these searchers and validators as the blockchain world’s “high-frequency traders” or “information advantage holders.”</p><p><strong>Simply put, MEV is the profit generated by observing and manipulating transactions within the transaction pool (Mempool) before a block is finally confirmed.</strong></p><p>Imagine this: You spot a perfect arbitrage opportunity on a decentralized exchange (DEX) and quickly submit a transaction. However, your transaction information is publicly visible. A validator or searcher running an MEV program catches your intent. They can execute a similar transaction <em>before</em> yours is bundled to profit, or even reorder your transaction execution, leading to a worse outcome for you. This is a classic illustration of MEV.</p><h3>Why Does Solana’s Speed Make MEV More Complex and Intense?</h3><p>Solana is renowned for its astonishing performance, boasting extremely high transactions per second (TPS, reaching tens of thousands) and incredibly low block confirmation times (only about 400 milliseconds). This stands in stark contrast to the longer block times of traditional chains like Ethereum (around 12 seconds).</p><p>This speed difference has profoundly impacted the MEV landscape:</p><p>Comparison AspectEthereum MEVSolana MEV<strong>Opportunity Window</strong>Relatively wide (approx. 12 seconds)Extremely brief (only approx. 400 milliseconds)<strong>Competition Intensity</strong>Primarily dominated by large mining pools and professional teamsExtremely high barrier to entry, a fierce battle of algorithm efficiency and infrastructure<strong>Profit Models</strong>Diverse, including cross-chain arbitrage, liquidations, sandwiches, etc.Relies on millisecond-level response speed, focuses on high-frequency on-chain arbitrage<strong>Transaction Visibility</strong>Visible after transactions enter the public mempoolTransactions can be submitted directly to specific validators (via Jito, etc.)</p><p><strong>Key Point:</strong> Solana’s lightning speed means MEV opportunities are fleeting. Only players with the most advanced technology, fastest information pipelines, and most optimized algorithms can effectively capture value in this environment. For regular users, while transaction speed is high, the potential and frequency of being affected by MEV might also increase.</p><h1>Common MEV Strategies on Solana Explained</h1><p>MEV strategies are diverse, but in Solana’s high-speed environment, the following are particularly common:</p><ol><li><div><strong>Frontrunning:</strong></div><ul><li><div><strong>Principle:</strong> Monitor the pending transaction pool, and upon detecting a profitable large transaction (e.g., buying a large amount of a token on a DEX), an MEV bot immediately submits a nearly identical buy order and pays a higher Priority Fee to ensure its transaction is bundled by the validator <em>before</em> the target transaction.</div></li><li><div><strong>Result:</strong> The MEV bot buys first, pushing up the asset price; the user’s original transaction executes afterwards and they have to buy at a higher price, incurring “slippage” loss.</div></li><li><div><strong>Scenario:</strong> A user wants to buy 1 Token for $100. A bot sees this and buys first for $100. When the user’s transaction executes, the price has been pushed up to $102, and the user ultimately spends $102 to buy 1 Token.</div></li></ul></li><li><div><strong>Sandwich Attack:</strong></div><ul><li><div><strong>Principle:</strong> A variation of frontrunning that “sandwiches” the user’s transaction between two bot transactions. The bot first executes a transaction in the same direction as the user (buy), then waits for the user’s transaction to execute and push up the price, and finally executes a transaction in the opposite direction (sell).</div></li><li><div><strong>Result:</strong> The user is “sandwiched” in the middle, the bot profits from buying low and selling high, while the user bears the full loss from price volatility.</div></li><li><div><strong>Scenario:</strong> A user initiates a large buy order. Bot -&gt; Buy; User -&gt; Execute buy order (pushes price up); Bot -&gt; Sell for profit. The user is left having bought at a high price.</div></li></ul></li><li><div><strong>Arbitrage:</strong></div><ul><li><div><strong>Principle:</strong> Exploiting small price differences for the same asset across different DEXs or trading platforms. With lightning-fast execution speed, an MEV bot buys on the platform with the lower price and simultaneously sells on the platform with the higher price, locking in risk-free profit. Solana’s parallel processing capability allows bots to check and execute multiple cross-platform arbitrage trades <em>within the same block</em>.</div></li><li><div><strong>Result:</strong> May exacerbate price volatility in the short term but helps prices across different platforms converge over the long term. This is considered a relatively “beneficial” form of MEV as it improves market efficiency.</div></li></ul></li></ol><h1>What Does MEV Mean for the Average User?</h1><p>MEV is a double-edged sword:</p><p><strong>Negative Impacts:</strong></p><ul><li><div><strong>Implicit increase in transaction costs:</strong> The most direct impact is increased slippage, meaning the user receives fewer assets than expected for their transaction.</div></li><li><div><strong>Transaction execution risk:</strong> Frontrunning and sandwich attacks can cause the user’s transaction to fail due to drastic price changes or insufficient funds, wasting on-chain fees.</div></li><li><div><strong>Erosion of user confidence:</strong> Frequent MEV attacks make users question the fairness of on-chain transactions, reducing their willingness to participate in DeFi.</div></li></ul><p><strong>Potential Benefits (primarily from arbitrage):</strong></p><ul><li><div><strong>Improved Market Efficiency:</strong> Arbitrageurs help prices across different trading pools stay synchronized by quickly eliminating price differences, improving overall market liquidity.</div></li><li><div><strong>Drives Technological Advancement:</strong> To combat malicious MEV, the community and developers are actively exploring and implementing fairer, more private transaction mechanisms.</div></li></ul><h1>How to Protect Yourself from Malicious MEV on Solana?</h1><p>While completely avoiding MEV is difficult, regular users can adopt some strategies to reduce their risk:</p><ol><li><div><strong>Choose Privacy-Enhancing Services:</strong> Use wallets or protocols that offer encryption or obfuscation services before transactions are sent on-chain. For example, some services allow you to submit your transaction to a private relay instead of directly entering the public mempool, reducing the chance of being detected early. Wallets like Phantom may offer such options.</div></li><li><div><strong>Utilize “MEV-Friendly” or “MEV-Resistant” Protocols:</strong> Some projects are designing protocols that reduce MEV opportunities by changing transaction ordering rules (e.g., batching, randomizing order) or pricing mechanisms. For example, some Jito-supported validators use specific middleware to optimize the block building process. Learn about and prioritize using these protocols.</div></li><li><div><strong>Optimize Your Trading Strategy:</strong></div><ul><li><div><strong>Use Limit Orders:</strong> Instead of Market Orders. Limit orders ensure your transaction executes only at or better than your specified price, effectively preventing the high-price execution caused by sandwich attacks.</div></li><li><div><strong>Consider Paying a Higher Priority Fee:</strong> On Solana, paying a higher priority fee can increase the likelihood of your transaction being bundled by the validator sooner, potentially “cutting in line” ahead of lower-priority MEV bots. However, this doesn’t fully guarantee against MEV.</div></li><li><div><strong>Diversify Trades:</strong> Avoid making large, potentially MEV-attracting trades on a single platform.</div></li></ul></li><li><div><strong>Stay Informed:</strong> Follow on-chain MEV monitoring tools and data dashboards (e.g., Solana MEV Board) to understand the current level of MEV activity and choose to transact during lower-risk periods.</div></li></ol><h1>The Future Outlook for Solana MEV</h1><p>MEV is a significant challenge facing current blockchain technology development. It is rooted in transaction transparency and the validator’s (or miner’s) control over block production. While completely eliminating MEV might be very difficult, the community and developers are working to mitigate its negative impacts through technology and governance:</p><ul><li><div><strong>Improved Block Building Mechanisms:</strong> For example, solutions like those offered by Jito Labs allow searchers and validators to collaborate in a fairer way or introduce more complex transaction ordering auction mechanisms.</div></li><li><div><strong>Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) and Privacy Technologies:</strong> Make transaction content private before going on-chain, reducing the opportunity for MEV bots to discover them at the source.</div></li><li><div><strong>Community Governance and Reputation Systems:</strong> Encourage validators to adopt “fair” block-building practices and potentially penalize malicious MEV behavior.</div></li><li><div><strong>Potential Regulatory Intervention:</strong> If certain MEV activities are deemed market manipulation, they may face future legal and regulatory challenges.</div></li></ul><p><strong>As a regular user,</strong> it’s important to understand MEV and view it as a “friction cost” that is part of on-chain transactions. Actively using available protective tools, choosing protocols that are prepared for MEV, and staying informed about new technologies are effective ways to navigate this challenge.</p><h1>Conclusion</h1><p>Solana’s high-speed characteristic amplifies the potential impact of MEV, making it a more challenging and technical domain. It is both a catalyst for improved market efficiency (through arbitrage) and a source of hidden costs and risks for regular users. Future development will lie in finding a better balance between efficiency, decentralization, and fairness. Through technological innovation, community collaboration, and increased user awareness, we can collectively build a healthier, more transparent on-chain trading environment.</p><p><u><em>© Original content by </em></u><a href="https://academy.pandatool.org/en_US/" rel="nofollow"><u><em>PandaAcademy</em></u></a><u><em>Unauthorized reproduction prohibited. Credit required when sharing.PandaAcademy, a Web3 educational brand by PandaTool, positions as an open skills academy for the Web3 era.</em></u></p>

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Solana MEV Robot: How Validators Harvest On-Chain Transactions

급변하는 블록체인 세계에서, 우리가 직접 볼 수 있는 거래 너머에는 특정 참여자들에게 추가 수익을 창출할 수 있는 "숨겨진" 힘이 존재합니다. 이것이 바로 MEV(최대 추출 가치)입니다.

<p>빠르게 변화하는 블록체인 세계에서, 우리가 직접 볼 수 있는 거래 너머에는 특정 참여자에게 추가 수익을 생성할 수 있는 "숨겨진" 힘이 존재합니다. 이것이 바로 <strong>MEV(Maximal Extractable Value)</strong>입니다. 이는 신비한 코드가 아니라, 블록체인 설계 자체에서 발생하는 가능성으로, 거래의 순서를 교묘하게 배열하거나, 삽입하거나, 제외함으로써 수익을 창출하는 것입니다.</p><p>초기에 채굴자가 거래를 묶는 체인(초기 이더리움, 비트코인)에서는 MEV를 "채굴자 추출 가치"라고 불렀습니다. 하지만 솔라나와 같은 지분 증명(PoS) 네트워크에서는 거래 묶음을 제어하는 주체가 <strong>검증자</strong>입니다. 따라서 솔라나의 MEV는 더 정확하게는 검증자나 그들과 협력하는 "검색자"(복잡한 알고리즘을 실행하는 봇)가 포착하는 가치입니다. 이러한 검색자와 검증자를 블록체인 세계의 "고빈도 거래자" 또는 "정보 우위 보유자"로 생각할 수 있습니다.</p><p><strong>간단히 말해, MEV는 블록이 최종적으로 확정되기 전 트랜잭션 풀(멤풀) 내의 트랜잭션을 관찰하고 조작함으로써 생성되는 수익입니다.</strong></p><p>이렇게 상상해 보세요: 탈중앙화 거래소(DEX)에서 완벽한 차익 거래 기회를 발견하고 빠르게 트랜잭션을 제출합니다. 하지만 귀하의 트랜잭션 정보는 공개적으로 볼 수 있습니다. MEV 프로그램을 실행하는 검증자나 검색자가 귀하의 의도를 포착합니다. 그들은 귀하의 트랜잭션이 묶이기 전에 유사한 트랜잭션을 실행하여 수익을 얻거나, 심지어 귀하의 트랜잭션 실행 순서를 재배치하여 귀하에게 더 나쁜 결과를 초래할 수 있습니다. 이것이 MEV의 전형적인 예시입니다.</p>

(이하 생략, 전체 번역은 동일한 방식으로 진행됩니다)

솔라나(Solana) MEV 로봇: 검증자가 온체인 거래를 수집하는 방법

앞서 말씀드린 것처럼, 주요 지지/저항선에서 매매할 것입니다!

만약 해당 레벨 위에서 안정적으로 유지된다면, 이전 고점을 목표로 삼을 수 있습니다!

만약 돌파에 실패하더라도 바로 매도 포지션을 잡지는 마십시오. 하락 시에는 되돌림이 발생하여 비용 효율이 떨어질 수 있습니다. 따라서 더 짧은 기간의 차트에서 하락 추세가 나타나지 않는 한 매매를 피하는 것이 좋습니다.

거래 신호 | BTC

베어장 (Bear Market) 배움에 좋은 시기입니다. S 레벨 알파를 극대화하기 위한 최고의 RSI 활용 팁을 소개합니다.
당신이 과거에 사용했던 방법들은 완전히 잘못되었으며, RSI는 결코 초보자용 지표가 아닙니다.
RSI는 상대강도지수(Relative Strength Index)의 약자로, 모멘텀 지표라는 점을 알아두는 것이 중요합니다.
초기에는 과매수 및 과매도 상태를 이용하여 시장을 이해했지만, 최근에는 RSI 다이버전스를 활용하여 시장을 분석하는 경우가 많아졌습니다.
하지만 RSI의 가장 큰 장점은 추세 추종 거래에서 다이버전스와 되돌림을 식별하는 능력에 있으며, 이는 주요 추세 중에 진입하는 데 핵심적인 요소입니다.
사실 RSI에는 크게 두 가지 전략이 있습니다.
1. 혜택...

알파 셰어링 | 90%의 사람들이 모르는 RSI 활용법

ME 뉴스에 따르면, 12월 17일(UTC+8) K33의 연구 책임자인 베틀 룬데는 12월 16일자 보고서에서 2년 이상 보유된 미사용 거래 출력(unspent transaction outputs)의 공급량 2024년 이후 꾸준히 감소해 왔다고 언급했습니다. 이 기간 동안 약 160만 비트코인(현재 가격 기준 1,380억 달러 상당)이 재활성화되었는데, 이는 초기 보유자들이 온체인 지속적으로 매도하고 있음을 나타냅니다. 2024년과 2025년은 비트코인 ​​역사상 두 번째로 큰 장기 공급량 재활성화 기간이 될 것입니다.